The Science Of Science Education - 1728 Words

Most children are born with an innate curiosity about the world around them. However, most of these children lose this curiosity somewhere within their education. Specifically when looking at modern science education. The science education of today has various problems such as killing the curiosity of students, which leads to science becoming this rigid field of study that does not allow for excitement, understanding, or the ability to question the science authorities. These problems in science education lead to long term problems of not creating forward thinkers who are committed to driving science for the sake of scientific curiosity as opposed to being driven by personal gain such as money or publication, and an alarming portion of the†¦show more content†¦Then those students who do not care or hold interest in it grow up to be adults who do not care about science as a whole or its impact on the world. Students losing their excitement about science, also could be linked t o the teachers not being as excited about the subject of science they are teaching. So, these students who are have lost their curiosity no longer have excitement about learning science, which leads the teachers to lose their excitement because in learning there must be some kind of rewarding interaction for both the learner and instructor to gain something. This also has a hand in the problem of students and people in general understanding science topics. If students are forced to learn science through methods that lead them to a place where they do not care about science, then the majority of them will not actively participate in learning and retaining the science education they have been provided with. This leads to the a loss of understanding as those students grow up. This is actively seen in the different way science topics come up in our society today. One of the biggest examples is climate change, because it is estimated that a large number of people believe it is a hoax, e ven our own president believes this. Various scientist have put forth evidence to prove that climateShow MoreRelatedThe Science Of Science Education1076 Words   |  5 PagesAs I look back at my science education, I cannot recall a lot of details about my science classes or my science teachers. I tend to have a love/hate relationship when it comes to science. Science is a subject that did not come easily to me. I had to spend a lot of hours each week studying in order to be able to pass the test for that week. 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Several states have passed regulations that allo w schools to teach both evolution and creationism. The Louisiana Science Education Act, in particularRead MoreScience in Early Childhood Education3184 Words   |  13 Pages(Upgrade NZTC) Course Code: B411a Science in Early Childhood Education This research focuses on science in early childhood education, because as an educator I have always had an interest in science and I often wonder whether I am teaching this topic effectively and correctly for the children. I will define ‘What is science? And I will use a minimum of six articles relating to my topic. What is Science? Duschl, Schweingruber, Shouse, defines science, Science is both a body of knowledge that represents

Data Analysis / Progress Monitoring Results - 2192 Words

Data Analysis/Progress Monitoring Results. After the implementation of the behavior intervention plan strategies over a six-month period, the results of Juan’s academic progress are as follows; the middle of the year assessments that the teacher reported from the beginning of the year in reading, writing and math were positive for Juan’s progress. However, the results at the end of the year this writer was able to conduct in reading, writing, math and running records were outstanding in growth showing significant progress in the academic area as a result of the behavior intervention plan and strategies applied to shape Juan’s behavior during the period of approximately six months. Nevertheless, Juan’s behavior seemed to be anxious at times during these assessments. He was fidgeting and had difficulty waiting for instructions so he sucked his thumb while listening. The student was eager to show how well he was doing academically. 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Consistent Performer in the Market

Question: Explain about the Next plc is a consistent performer in the market but the Debenhams is gradually losing their position? Answer: Criterion 1 Tesco plc is one of the largest plc among the retail sectors in UK. The company incorporated in the year 1919 in a small town of London. It has a large collection of women wear and accessories. The company is now operating almost 12 countries in the world. The following income statement is extracted from the annual report of TESCO for the year 2013 and 2014. The table shows that there is some change in the figures for both the years. Consolidated income statement of TESCO plc Particulars 2014( m) 2013 ( m) Change Continuing operations Revenue 63,557 63,406 151 Cost of sales -59,547 -59,252 295 Gross profit 4,010 4,154 -144 Profit and losses arising on property-related items 278 -290 568 Administrative expenses -1,657 -1,482 175 Operating profit 2,631 2,382 249 Finance income 132 120 12 share of post tax profit of joint venture and associate 60 72 -12 Finance cost -564 -517 47 Profit before tax 2,259 2,057 202 Taxation -347 -529 -182 profit for the year from continuing operation 1,912 1,528 384 Discontinued operation Loss from the discontinued operations -942 -1,504 -562 Profit of the year 970 24 946 Attributed to Owners of the parent 974 28 946 Non controlling interest -4 -4 970 24 946 Note: here the change of the figures includes both increase and decline. The positive change includes the increase in the figure from the previous year, and the negative change includes the decrease in the figure from the previous year. Probable reasons for changes Change in revenue The revenue has increased by 151 m. The reason should be either increase in the selling price of the product or increase in the number of units to be sold. Revenue includes some other incomes apart from the sales. It may increase due to some realization of cash from debtors or any other income that may drive in the particular year (Annual report, 2014). Change in cost of goods sold The cost of sales of in the year 2014 has also increased. It indicates that the total cost of producing and selling the product is increased. The reason may be inflation due to which the price increases adoption of new technology in the production process or due to the need of making a quality product in order to compete in the market (Anon, 2013). Change in gross profit The gross profit in the year 2014 has declined by 144 m. The reason that is visible from the annual report is the increase in the cost of goods sold. Though the revenue has also increased but from the above table it is shown that the increases in the revenue is less than the cost increases, so there is a decline in the gross profit. Change in profit and loss of property In the income statement, this change is a positive one, and the change is mainly due to the change in the market price of the assets. If the asset that is sold in the market is very old then its written down value is also very low, and the disposal value create a loss on the sale. Change in administrative expenses It is also a positive change. It means the expenses relating to the salary, office maintenance, etc. increases compared to the previous year. Change in operating profit The company shows a good sign by increasing the operating profit in spite of declining gross profit. The main reason for increasing the operating profit is that in the year 2014 the company has a profit on the sale of property that offset the reduction in gross profit due to more cost of sales. Change in financial income The financial income of the company has increased due to the increase in the interest receivable and the income from cash and cash equivalents. Change in finance cost The finance cost for the current year has increased because the company has to pay more amounts of bank interest and net pension financial cost. Moreover, the interest payment on USD bond is also high in the present year (Shim and Siegel, 2008). Change in PBT The above table represents a positive trend of profit before tax. The probable reason of increasing PBT is due to the increase in operating profits and increase in finance income. Change in tax expense The tax expense is reduced in this year whereas the profit before tax is more. The reason should be a change in the tax rate, or the company may get some rebate or subsidy in this year (Shim, 2009). Change in net profit From the income statement, it is found that there is a drastic change in the net profit of the company. In the year 2013 the net profit was only 24 m, and it has changed to 970 m in the year 2014. The revenue from operation in 2013 is lower than 2014, but the gross profit was high. The main reason for low profit in 2013 is due to heavy loss from its discontinued business. This loss also existed in 2014, but the amount was very high in 2013. Moreover, the taxation expenses were also very high in 2013. These two reasons probably be the main reason for increasing the net profit in 2014 (Zimmerman and Yahya-Zadeh, 2011). Criterion 2 The breakeven point is the point of the output level of a business concern during a certain period at which total sales revenue is exactly equal to the total cost. In other words, it is that point that breaks the total cost and the sales value evenly to show the level of output or sales at which there arises neither profit nor loss (Hoque, 2005). The breakeven point can be better understandable by the following example: Suppose ABC Limited has manufactured a certain product "M" and the information related to that particular product is as follows Selling price $ 20 Variable cost $ 12 Total fixed cost $ 80000 Present output and sales 20000 units Therefore the breakeven point of the product is = (Fixed cost / PV ratio) = (80000/40%) = $ 200000 (BEP in value) = BEP in value / selling price per unit = 200000/20 = 10000 units Following is a chart which represents the detail analysis of the BEP Outputs (units) Variable cost per unit($) Total variable cost($) Total fixed cost($) Total cost ($) Selling price per unit($) Total sales ($) Total profit($) 0 12 0 80000 80000 20 0 -80000 2000 12 24000 80000 104000 20 40000 -64000 4000 12 48000 80000 128000 20 80000 -48000 6000 12 72000 80000 152000 20 120000 -32000 8000 12 96000 80000 176000 20 160000 -16000 10000 12 120000 80000 200000 20 200000 0 12000 12 144000 80000 224000 20 240000 16000 14000 12 168000 80000 248000 20 280000 32000 16000 12 192000 80000 272000 20 320000 48000 18000 12 216000 80000 296000 20 360000 64000 20000 12 240000 80000 320000 20 400000 80000 Explanation From the above table, it is clear that at 10000 units of output the company is having a no profit and no loss situation. At 10000 units, the contribution is just sufficient to meet the total fixed cost. Again, then both the fixed and variable cost can be recovered exactly from the sales revenue without leaving any surplus or deficit (Shapiro and Sarin, 2009). Fixed cost is that type of cost which is remaining same at every level of activity even if there is no production. So it is the part of cost that is fixed in total (Hansen and Mowen, 2006). Now at this point of time if the company can produce more output then per unit fixed cost will be reduced and the company will start to generate more profit. On the other hand, the variable part of the cost varies with the change in the production outputs, and if there is no production, there will not be any variable cost. Now if any company cannot be able to earn that much of revenue to recover its cost, then it will face a loss and ultimate ly tends to the shutdown point. So it is very necessary to produce at least that much of product which can recover its total cost. In the above table, it is observed that before reaching to the breakeven point the company is facing a loss as its total cost cannot be recovered at that much of production and sales. At the breakeven point, the profit and loss are equal to zero because the sales revenue is exactly offset by the total cost of the company (Groot and Selto, 2013). After the breakeven level i.e. after 10000 units the company started to earn a profit and as the number of the unit increases the amount of profit is also increases. The main reason is at 10000 units the company recovers whole of its fixed cost and after that level it has to incur only the variable cost as the variable cost is proportionate to the selling unit, so the profit is also growing. So the breakeven point helps a company to understand the number of the unit that they must produce in order to continue the business. It gives a bird eye view of the profitability and the other affairs of the product (Drs. Sugijanto, 2013). Workings Note 1 Statement showing the contribution and PV ratio Particulars Amount ($) Sales 400000 Less : variable cost 240000 Contribution 160000 Less : fixed cost 80000 Profit 80000 Note 2 PV ratio = (contribution / sales) Contribution 160000 Sales 400000 PV ratio 40% Section 3 criterion 3 Investment appraisal techniques Investment appraisal technique is nothing but the capital investment decision. The techniques are used to evaluate the investment proposals in fixed assets or any other expansion activities. There are several appraisal techniques which either incorporate the time value of money or does not consider that factor. With the help of those techniques it is possible for the company to judge the feasibility of the investment make (Eun and Resnick, 2007). Following Illustration can help to understand how different investment techniques can help in decision making: IC Company has $ 200000 to invest. The following proposals are under consideration. The cost of capital for the company is estimated to be 15%. Project Initial outlay($) Annual cash flow($) Life of the project(Years) A 100000 25000 10 B 70000 20000 8 C 30000 6000 20 D 50000 15000 10 E 50000 12000 20 Present Value of annuity received is as follows: 8 years 4.6586 10 years 5.179 20 Years 6.3345 Now the above investment proposals can be analyzed by the following techniques Net Present value PI Projects life of the project( years) PV factor (15%) Annual cash inflow (constant)($) PV cash inflow ($) Initial outlay ($) NPV ($) PI A 10 5.179 25000 129475 100000 29475 1.29475 B 8 4.6586 20000 93172 70000 23172 1.331029 C 20 6.3345 6000 38007 30000 8007 1.2669 D 10 5.179 15000 77685 50000 27685 1.5537 E 20 6.3345 12000 76014 50000 26014 1.52028 Here Net present value of proposals= PV of cash inflow- Initial investment Profitability index (PI) = PV of cash inflow/ Initial investment Post payback profitability Project Initial outlay ($) Annual cash inflow (constant)($) Payback period (years) life of the project (years) post payback period (years) post pay back profitability ( $) A 100000 25000 4 10 6 150000 B 70000 20000 3.5 8 4.5 90000 C 30000 6000 5 20 15 90000 D 50000 15000 3.33 10 6.67 100000 E 50000 12000 4.17 20 15.83 190000 Here payback period = (Initial investment / Constant annual cash flow) Post payback period = life of the project PB period Post payback profitability = Constant annual cash inflow * post payback period Decision making In investment appraisal process each and every techniques has its own decision making criteria. It may be happened the most viable project under one technique gets second or third rank under another technique. For example in case of above proposals the ranking of the projects are Rank NPV PI Post payback Profitability 1 A D E 2 D E A 3 E B D 4 B A B C 5 C C - Under the NPV method the total cash flow from the project is discounted at its present value and then the initial investment of the project is deducted from that present value. If the result is positive then the project will be accepted and if it is negative then the project will be rejected. In the above example all the projects are having positive value so they are ranked according to the highest NPV as it will give highest surplus. As the company is having $ 200000 to invest so it can select project A, D and E (Granlund, Mouritsen and Vaassen, 2013). The profitability index technique is actually the benefit cost ratio derived from a project. If the PI is more than 1 then the project is accepted. If the proposals are mutually exclusive then the highest positive PI will be given highest rank. In the above example with $ 200000 in hand the company can invest in project D, E, B and a part of project A if the project is divisible (Peterson, Fabozzi and Habegger, 2004). The post payback profitability is the measurement through which it can be known that what would be the amount of profit earned from a project after recovering its initial outlay. The payback period indicate the time within which the initial investment will be recovered. The more post payback period the more will be the profit. So as per the post payback profitability the company should invest in project E, A and D (RIEDL and SRINIVASAN, 2010). There are other techniques also which can be used for the measurement, but here the commonly used techniques are considered. As the decision criteria may differ under different techniques a company should fixed one or two standard technique as per the industry standard in order to get a proper result and to avoid confusion (Danthine and Donaldson, 2005). Criterion 3 Accounting ratios are the mathematical measurement through which the financial stability, profitability and the solvency position of the company is ascertained. The ratios are calculated from the information available in the annual report (Hubbard, 2008). Here two companies from the retail sector of UK is taken into consideration and some useful ratios are calculated for three consecutive years from the data collected from their annual reports. Ratio analysis Next Plc Debenhams Plc 2014 2013 2012 2014 2013 2012 Liquidity Ratios Current assets 1468.1 1207.8 1139.9 486.3 470.5 459.5 Current liabilities 834.5 816 742.4 758 741.9 727 Current Ratio 1.75925704 1.480147 1.5354256 0.6416 0.6342 0.63205 Quick assets 1082.5 876 768 140.6 112.6 127.2 Quick Liabilities 831.9 810.6 734.8 534.2 506 563.6 Quick Ratio 1.30123813 1.080681 1.0451824 0.2632 0.2225 0.225692 Efficiency ratio Total asset 2144.6 1893.6 1854.2 2148.4 2132.8 2091.2 Revenue 3740 3562 3441.1 2312.7 2282.2 2229.8 Asset Turnover Ratio 1.74391495 1.881073 1.8558408 1.0765 1.07 1.066278 Receivables 808 718.1 699.1 74.7 78.3 75.4 Revenue 3740 3562 3441.1 2312.7 2282.2 2229.8 Receivable turnover 4.62871287 4.960312 4.9221857 30.96 29.147 29.57294 Receivable collection period 78.855615 73.58408 74.15405 11.789 12.523 12.34236 payables 594 537.2 545 529.3 545.8 525.4 Cost of goods sold 2499.9 2437 2395.8 2033.4 1982.6 1927.5 Payable payment turnover 4.20858586 4.536485 4.3959633 3.8417 3.6325 3.668633 Payable payment period 86.7274691 80.45876 83.03072 95.011 100.48 99.49209 Inventories 385.6 331.8 371.9 345.7 357.9 332.3 Cost of goods sold 2499.9 2437 2395.8 2033.4 1982.6 1927.5 Inventory turnover 6.48314315 7.344786 6.4420543 5.882 5.5395 5.800481 Inventory Turnover period 56.299852 49.69512 56.658945 62.054 65.89 62.92581 EBIT 720.5 690.9 604.7 118.8 149.9 170.1 Interest 25.3 24.4 25.2 13 10.9 11.8 Interest Coverage Ratio 28.4782609 28.31557 23.996032 9.1385 13.752 14.41525 Debt 1023.9 792 889.1 623 646.5 703.2 Equity 286.2 285.6 16623 767.4 744.4 661 Financial Gearing ratio 3.57756813 2.773109 0.0534861 0.8118 0.8685 1.063843 Equity 286.2 285.6 222.7 764.4 744.4 661 Total asset 2144.6 1893.6 1854.2 2148.4 2132.8 2091.2 Equity Gearing ratio 0.13345146 0.150824 0.1201057 0.3558 0.349 0.316086 Profitability Ratios Gross Profit 1240 1125 1045.3 279.3 299.6 302.3 Revenue 3740 3562.8 3441.1 2312.7 2282.2 2229.8 Gross profit ratio 33.2% 31.6% 30.4% 12.1% 13.1% 13.6% Operating profit 722.8 695.1 601.8 128.6 155.4 175 Revenue 3740 3562.8 3441.1 2312.7 2282.2 2229.8 Operating Profit Ratio 19.3% 19.5% 17.5% 5.6% 6.8% 7.8% Net Profit 553.2 508.6 474.8 87.2 115.9 125.3 Revenue 3740 3562.8 3441.1 2312.7 2282.2 2229.8 Net Profit Ratio 14.79% 14.28% 13.80% 3.8% 5.1% 5.6% (Nextplc.co.uk, 2014) From the above ratio analysis following points can be discussed Liquidity ratio indicates the liquidity position of a firm. Liquidity means the ability to pay cash and cash equivalents when it is required. Liquidity is necessary for smooth running of a business. Poor liquidity position hampers the credit policy of the firm as they may not be able to pay their creditors due in time. On the other side the firm may able to capture new market opportunities if its liquidity position is high. Current ratio and quick ratio are the two important ratios measure the liquidity position (Magiera, 2010). In next plc the current asset ratio is more than 1 but not as much as it should be. It is also in the increasing trend from which it may be predicted that very soon they may reach to the ideal form. In case of current ratio also the Debenhams Company produces a negative image as the current ratio fall below 1. It means the company has more current liabilities to pay than its available current assets (CHEN, MITTENDORF and ZHANG, 2010). Quick ratio as the name indicates is the proportion between the quick assets and quick liabilities. Next plc has moderate quick ratio which is also more than 1. In Debenhams the quick ratio is too low almost 0.22. This clearly indicates that the company is suffering by liquidity crunch (Nextplc.co.uk, 2012). Debenhams Company has a good receivable and payable management policy (Annualreports.com, 2014). The overall condition of the Debenhams is deteriorating as all the ratios are below the standard (Annualreports.com, 2012). The quick ratio of both companies are very low because they have blocked a large amount in inventories they have bank overdraft balances which is also a financial burden (Annualreports.com, 2013). The liquidity, solvency and profitability position of the Next Plc is better than the other one (Nextplc.co.uk, 2013). So from the total discussion made it can be concluded that Next plc is a consistent performer in the market but the Debenhams is gradually losing their position, So they need to focus more on their activities. Lastly it should be remembered that ratio is one of the tools of performance analysis but it is not the only tool, so the other factors should also be considered before giving any final decision. References Annual report. (2014). [online] Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/files/pdf/reports/ar14/download_annual_repor [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Annualreports.com, (2012).Debenhams plc - AnnualReports.com. [online] Available at: https://www.annualreports.com/Company/debenhams-plc [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Annualreports.com, (2013).Debenhams plc - AnnualReports.com. [online] Available at: https://www.annualreports.com/Company/debenhams-plc [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Annualreports.com, (2014).Debenhams plc - AnnualReports.com. [online] Available at: https://www.annualreports.com/Company/debenhams-plc [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Anon, (2013). [online] Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/files/pdf/reports/ar13/download_annual_repor [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. CHEN, Q., MITTENDORF, B. and ZHANG, Y. (2010). Endogenous Accounting Bias when Decision Making and Control Interact*.Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(4), pp.1063-1091. Danthine, J. and Donaldson, J. (2005).Intermediate financial theory. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Drs. Sugijanto, D. (2013). Decentralization Analysis of Decision Making and Performance of Accounting Control System.IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 10(1), pp.8-11. Eun, C. and Resnick, B. (2007).International financial management. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Granlund, M., Mouritsen, J. and Vaassen, E. (2013). On the relations between modern information technology, decision making and management control.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 14(4), pp.275-277. Groot, T. and Selto, F. (2013).Advanced management accounting. Harlow, England: Pearson. Hansen, D. and Mowen, M. (2006).Cost management. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Hoque, Z. (2005).Handbook of cost management accounting. London: Spiramus. Hubbard, J. (2008). Financial Statement Analysis.CFA Digest, 38(1), pp.59-61. Magiera, F. (2010). Financial Statement Analysis.CFA Digest, 40(1), pp.85-86. Nextplc.co.uk, (2012).Next Plc. [online] Available at: https://www.nextplc.co.uk [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Nextplc.co.uk, (2013).Next Plc. [online] Available at: https://www.nextplc.co.uk [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Nextplc.co.uk, (2014).Next Plc. [online] Available at: https://www.nextplc.co.uk [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Peterson, P., Fabozzi, F. and Habegger, W. (2004).Financial management and analysis workbook. New York: Wiley. RIEDL, E. and SRINIVASAN, S. (2010). Signaling Firm Performance Through Financial Statement Presentation: An Analysis Using Special Items*.Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(1), pp.289-332. Shapiro, A. and Sarin, A. (2009).Foundations of multinational financial management. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Shim, J. (2009).Financial management of multinational corporations. London: Global. Shim, J. and Siegel, J. (2008).Financial management. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's Educational Series. Zimmerman, J. and Yahya-Zadeh, M. (2011). Accounting for Decision Making and Control.Issues in Accounting Education, 26(1), pp.258-259.

Motivating Culturally Diverse Workforce in an Organization free essay sample

Culturally Diverse Workforce in an Organization Muhammad Junaid Murshed Southern New Hampshire University Abstract In this research paper, I will be discussing some of the methods that may be used to effectively motivate a culturally diverse workforce in an organization. At first, I will present a brief introduction to motivation, some of the well-known motivational theories and cultural diversity. Then, I will look into a few reasons for demotivation among the workforce of an organization, followed by some of the distinguished and effective motivational techniques that may be utilized to ascertain and/or deal with the same, citing real-life examples. Finally, I will conclude the paper with a brief summary of the key points discussed in the paper together-with a personal opinion about the effectiveness of the motivational methods discussed above. â€Å"Motivation is defined as the desire to achieve a goal or a certain performance level, leading to goal-directed behavior† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivating Culturally Diverse Workforce in an Organization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 97). As can be seen from the above statement motivation may be directly linked to performance. Although the direct correlation, motivation alone may not be sufficient to elicit the desired result. This is so, as, it (motivation) usually is influenced by factors such as an individual’s ability (p. 97) to perform the task and the resources available (p. 97) to him/her to aid in achieving the objective(s). â€Å"Culture refers to values, beliefs, and customs that exist in a society† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 40). â€Å"Diversity refers to the ways in which people are similar or different from each other† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 9). The world consists of various different cultures (p. 40) entailing a diverse (p. 29) population base i. e. in terms of age, gender, race, religion, physical abilities etc. Therefore, motivating (p. 97) individuals require understanding their descent first, as, it is most likely to influence the dominant need in their personality. With the passing of time many scientists, philosophers and psychologists have developed various theories to explain and enhance an individual’s motivational level. For the purpose of my research paper, I will be focusing on some of it, namely, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (p. 00), the ERG theory (p. 101), the two-factor theory, the acquired-needs theory (p. 102) and the self-determination theory to base my comparisons and/or conclusions to cultural diversity. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs â€Å"The theory is based on a simple premise: Human beings have needs that are hierarchically ranked. There are some needs that are basic to all human beings, and in their absence nothing else matters. As we satisfy these basic needs, we start looking to satisfy higher order needs† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 99). Physiological needs: â€Å"The need for air, food, and water† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 100). Safety needs: â€Å"The need to be free from danger and pain† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 100). Social needs: â€Å"The needs of bonding with other human beings, being loved, and forming lasting attachments with them† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 100). Esteem needs: â€Å"The desire to be respected by one’s peers, feel important, and be appreciated† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 100). Self-actualization need: â€Å"The need to become all you are capable of becoming† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 00). ERG theory â€Å"ERG theory, developed by Clayton Alderfer, is a modification of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Instead of the five needs that are hierarchically organized, Alderfer proposed that basic human needs maybe grouped under three categories, namely, existence, relatedness, and growth† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 101). Existence: â€Å"A need corresponding to Maslow’s physiological and safety needs† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 101). Relatedness: â€Å"A need corresponding to Maslow’s social needs† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 101). Growth: â€Å"A need referring to Maslow’s esteem and self-actualization† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 101). Two-factor theory â€Å"By asking individuals what satisfies them on the job and what dissatisfies them, Herzberg came to the conclusion that aspects of the work environment that satisfy employees are very different from aspects that dissatisfy them† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 101). Acquired-needs theory â€Å"According to this theory, individuals acquire three types of needs as a result of their life experiences. These needs are the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power. All individuals possess a combination of these needs, and the dominant needs are thought to drive employee behavior† (Bauer and Erdogan, 2010, p. 102). Self-determination theory â€Å"Self-Determination Theory (SDT) represents a broad framework for the study of human motivation and personality. SDT articulates a meta-theory for framing motivational studies, a formal theory that defines intrinsic and varied extrinsic sources of motivation, and a description of the respective roles of intrinsic and types of extrinsic motivation in cognitive and social development and in individual differences†. Bibliography: 1. Bauer T. Erdogan B. (2010) Demographic Diversity. Organizational Behavior, 29. 2. Bauer T. Erdogan B. (2010) Cultural Diversity. Organizational Behavior, 40. 3. Bauer T. Erdogan B. (2010) Theories of Motivation. Organizational Behavior, 97. 4. Bauer T. Erdogan B. (2010) Theories of Motivation: Need-Based Theories of Motivation. Organizational Behavior, 100-102. 5. Self-Determination Theory: An Approach to Human Motivation Personality. Retrieved from http://www. selfdeterminationtheory. org/theory

People Have Very Different Reasons On Why Going To College And Getting

People have very different reasons on why going to college and getting an education is important for them. Some people go to college because that is what is expected of them, and others go because they have nothing else better to do. However, I am interested in going to college and obtaining a good education because it will benefit my family, my country, and me. My parents have this perfect life for me pictured in their heads, and the first thing they see me doing is going to college. They expect the best of me, and so by going to college, I will not only have fulfilled their goals for me, but I will have accomplished one of the goals I have set for myself. In our culture, when parents come to the age where they can't support themselves, it is the duty of the children to look after them. We don't just throw our elders into retirement homes and visit them twice every year. We are expected to meet their wants and needs, and that will not be possible without a good education, which will then lead to a good job. As you know, a college education is good for each individual, but not only that, it is good for the country. As a college education becomes more obtainable through the use of financial aid, our country benefits the most. We are the future businessmen and women of America, and through our knowledge, the country will grow. The education we get today will help us prosper in the future, and the more we expand our horizons, the more the economy will increase. If students are denied an education because they don't have the means to pay for college, then they are deprived of accomplishing their goals and reaching their fullest potential. In the words of Michael Jackson, "The dream we were conceived in will reveal a joyful face, and the world we once believed in will shine again in grace." With the students of today being educated, the people of tomorrow will prosper. Now that I've explained how my going to college is good for everyone else, I must explain why it is best for me. My dreams and aspirations are to be so successful that I am not dependent on anyone else. Ever since I was a little girl, I have wanted to be someone with power. To obtain power, I have to first obtain the knowledge, and to do that, I need to go to college. I have seen people become too dependent on others, and if anything upsets that relationship, the dependent one just crumbles. I don't want that happening to me, so I plan to study hard, make good grades, and be a top executive in a big firm. For me to accomplish that, I will need financial assistance, because my family isn't affluent enough to send three kids to college at the same time. Going to college has been a dream of mine since I can remember, and so I will try whatever it takes to make it there. Getting the financial assistance I need will make things easier for my family and I, so I am applying to many scholarships with the hopes that one of them will come through for me. I don't give up hope, and with the help of God, I will make it to college, and I will graduate and go on to bigger and better things.

See a Timeline of Gun Control in the United States

See a Timeline of Gun Control in the United States The gun control debate in the United States goes back to the nations founding, when the framers of the Constitution first wrote the Second Amendment, allowing private citizens to keep and bear arms. Gun control became a much bigger topic shortly after the November 22, 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Kennedys death increased public awareness of the relative lack of control over the sale and possession of firearms in America. Until 1968, handguns, rifles, shotguns, and ammunition were commonly sold over the counter and through mail-order catalogs and magazines to just about any adult anywhere in the nation. However, Americas history of federal and state laws regulating private ownership of firearms goes back much farther. 1791 The Bill of Rights, including the Second Amendment, gains final ratification. The Second Amendment reads: A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. 1837 Georgia passes a law banning handguns. The law is ruled unconstitutional by the  U.S. Supreme Court  and is thrown out. 1865 In a reaction to emancipation, several southern states adopt black codes which, among other things, forbid black persons from possessing firearms. 1871 The National Rifle Association (NRA) is organized around its primary goal of improving American civilians marksmanship in preparation for war. 1927 The  U.S. Congress  passes a law banning the mailing of concealable weapons. 1934 The  National Firearms Act of 1934, regulating the manufacture, sale and possession of fully automatic firearms like sub-machine guns is approved by Congress. 1938 The  Federal Firearms Act of 1938  places the first limitations on selling ordinary firearms. Persons selling guns are required to obtain a  Federal Firearms License, at an annual cost of $1, and to maintain records of the name and address of persons to whom firearms are sold. Gun sales to persons convicted of violent felonies were prohibited. 1968 The  Gun Control Act of 1968  is enacted for the purpose of â€Å"keeping firearms out of the hands of those not legally entitled to possess them because of age, criminal background, or incompetence.† The act regulates imported guns, expands the gun-dealer licensing and record-keeping requirements, and places specific limitations on the sale of handguns. The list of persons banned from buying guns is expanded to include persons convicted of any non-business related felony, persons found to be mentally incompetent, and users of illegal drugs. 1972 The federal  Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms  (ATF) is created, listing as part of its mission the control of illegal use and sale of firearms and the enforcement of Federal firearms laws. The ATF issues firearms licenses and conducts firearms licensee qualification and compliance inspections. 1977 The District of Columbia enacts an anti-handgun law which also requires registration of all rifles and shotguns within the District of Columbia. 1986 The  Armed Career Criminal Act  increases penalties for possession of firearms by persons not qualified to own them under the Gun Control Act of 1986. The Firearms Owners Protection Act (Public Law 99-308) relaxes some restrictions on gun and ammunition sales and establishes mandatory penalties for use of firearms during the commission of a crime. The Law Enforcement Officers Protection Act (Public Law 99-408) bans possession of cop killer bullets capable of penetrating bulletproof clothing. 1988 President Ronald Reagan signs the Undetectable Firearms Act of 1988, making it illegal to manufacture, import, sell, ship, deliver, possess, transfer, or receive any firearm that is not as detectable by walk-through metal detectors. The law prohibited guns not containing enough metal to trigger security screening machines found in airports, courthouses and other secure areas accessible to the public. 1989 California bans the possession of semiautomatic assault weapons following the massacre of five children on a Stockton, Calif., school playground. 1990 The Crime Control Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-647) bans the manufacturing and importing semiautomatic assault weapons in the United States. Gun-free school zones are established, carrying specific penalties for violations. 1994 The  Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act  imposes a five-day waiting period on the purchase of a handgun and requires that local law enforcement agencies conduct background checks on purchasers of handguns. The  Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994  prohibits the sale, manufacture, importation, or possession of several specific types of assault-type weapons for a 10-year period. However, the law expires on September 13, 2004, after Congress fails to reauthorize it. 1997 The U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of  Printz v. United States, declares the background check requirement of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act unconstitutional. The Florida Supreme Court upholds a jurys $11.5 million verdict against Kmart for selling a gun to an intoxicated man who used the gun to shoot his estranged girlfriend. Major American gun manufacturers voluntarily agree to include child safety trigger devices on all new handguns. June 1998 A Justice Department report indicates the blocking of some 69,000 handgun sales during 1997 when the Brady Bill pre-sale background checks were required. July 1998 An amendment requiring a trigger lock mechanism to be included with every handgun sold in the United States is defeated in the Senate. But the Senate approves an amendment requiring gun dealers to have trigger locks available for sale and creating federal grants for gun safety and education programs. October 1998 New Orleans becomes the first U.S. city to file suit against gunmakers, firearms trade associations, and gun dealers. The citys suit seeks recovery of costs attributed to gun-related violence. Nov. 12, 1998 Chicago files a $433 million suit against local gun dealers and makers alleging that oversupplying local markets provided guns to criminals. Nov. 17, 1998 A negligence suit against gunmaker Beretta brought by the family of a 14-year-old boy killed by another boy with a Beretta handgun is dismissed by a California jury. Nov. 30, 1998 Permanent provisions of the Brady Act go into effect. Gun dealers are now required to initiate a pre-sale criminal background check of all gun buyers through the newly created  National Instant Criminal Background Check  (NICS) computer system. Dec. 1, 1998 The NRA files suit in federal court attempting to block the FBIs collection of information on firearm buyers. Dec. 5, 1998 President  Bill Clinton  announces that the instant background check system had prevented 400,000 illegal gun purchases. The claim was called misleading by the NRA. January 1999 Civil suits against gunmakers seeking to recover costs of gun-related violence were filed in Bridgeport, Conn., and Miami-Dade County, Fla. April 20, 1999 At Columbine High School near Denver, students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold shoot and kill 12 other students and a teacher, and wound 24 others before killing themselves. The attack renews debate on the need for more restrictive gun control laws. May 20, 1999 By a 51-50 vote, with the tie-breaker vote cast by  Vice President  Al Gore, the  U.S. Senate  passes a bill requiring trigger locks on all newly manufactured handguns and extending waiting period and background check requirements to sales of firearms at gun shows. Aug. 24, 1999 The Los Angeles County, Calif., Board of Supervisors votes 3-2 to ban the Great Western Gun Show, billed as the Worlds Largest Gun Show from the Pomona fairgrounds where it had been held for the last 30 years. Sept. 13, 2004 After lengthy and heated debate, Congress allows the 10-year-old Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 banning the sale of 19 types of military-style assault weapons to expire. December 2004 Congress fails to continue funding for President  George W. Bush’s  2001 gun control program,  Project Safe Neighborhoods. Massachusetts becomes the first state to implement an electronic instant gun buyer background check system with fingerprint scanning for gun licenses and gun purchases. January 2005 California bans the manufacture, sale, distribution or import of the powerful .50-caliber BMG, or Browning machine gun rifle. October 2005 President Bush signs the  Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act  limiting the ability of victims of crimes in which guns were used to sue firearms manufacturers and dealers. The law includes an amendment requiring all new guns to come with trigger locks. January 2008 In a move supported by both opponents and advocates of gun control laws, President Bush signs the  National Instant Criminal Background Check Improvement Act  requiring gun-buyer background checks to screen for legally declared mentally ill individuals, who are ineligible to buy firearms. June 26, 2008 In its landmark decision in the case of District of Columbia v. Heller, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment affirmed the rights of individuals to own firearms. The ruling also overturns a 32-year-old ban on the sale or possession of handguns in the District of Columbia. February 2010 A federal law signed by President  Barack Obama  took effect allowing licensed gun owners to bring firearms into national parks and wildlife refuges as long as they are allowed by state law. Dec. 9, 2013 The Undetectable Firearms Act of 1988, requiring that all guns must contain enough metal to be detectable by security screening machines was extended through 2035. July 29, 2015 In an effort to close the so-called â€Å"gun show loophole† allowing gun sales conducted without Brady Act background checks, U.S. Rep. Jackie Speier (D-Calif.) introduces the  Fix Gun Checks Act of 2015  (H.R. 3411), to require background checks for all gun sales, including sales made over the internet and at gun shows. June 12, 2016 President Obama again calls on Congress to enact or renew a law prohibiting the sale and possession of assault-style weapons and high-capacity ammunition magazines after a man identified as Omar Mateen kills 49 people in an Orlando, Fla., gay nightclub on June 12, using an AR-15 semiautomatic rifle. In a call to 911 he made during the attack, Mateen told police he had pledged his allegiance to the radical Islamic terrorist group ISIS. September 2017 A bill titled â€Å"Sportsmen Heritage and Recreational Enhancement Act,† or SHARE Act (H.R. 2406) advances to the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives. While the main purpose of the bill is to expand access to public land for, hunting, fishing, and recreational shooting, a provision added by Rep. Jeff Duncan (R-S.C.) called The Hearing Protection Act would reduce the current federal restrictions on purchasing firearm silencers, or suppressors. Currently, the restrictions on silencer purchases are similar to those for machine guns, including extensive background checks, waiting periods, and transfer taxes. Duncan’s provision would eliminate those restrictions. Backers of Duncan’s provision argue that it would help recreational hunters and shooters protect themselves from hearing loss. Opponents say it would make it harder for police and civilians to locate the source of gunfire, potentially resulting in more casualties. Witnesses to the deadly mass shooting in Las Vegas on Oct. 1, 2017, reported that the gunfire coming from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Resort sounded like â€Å"popping† that was at first mistaken as fireworks. Many argue that the inability to hear the gunshots made the shooting even more deadly. Oct. 1, 2017 Barely over a year after the Orlando shooting, a man identified as Stephen Craig Paddock opens fire on an outdoor music festival in Las Vegas. Shooting from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay hotel, Paddock kills at least 59 people and wounds more than 500 others.   Among the at least 23 firearms found in Paddock’s room were legally-purchased, semi-automatic AR-15 rifles which had been fitted with commercially-available accessories known as â€Å"bump stocks,† which allow semi-automatic rifles to be fired as if in fully-automatic mode of up to nine rounds per second. Under a law enacted in 2010, bump stocks are treated as legal, after-market accessories. In the aftermath of the incident, lawmakers on both sides of the aisle have called for laws specifically banning bump stocks, while others have also called for a renewal of the assault weapons ban. Oct. 4, 2017 Less than a week after the Las Vegas shooting, U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) introduces the â€Å"Automatic Gunfire Prevention Act† that would ban the sale and possession of bump stocks and other devices that allow a semiautomatic weapon to fire like a fully-automatic weapon. The bill states: â€Å"It shall be unlawful for any person to import, sell, manufacture, transfer or possess, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, a trigger crank, a bump-fire device or any part, combination of parts, component, device, attachment or accessory that is designed or functions to accelerate the rate of fire of a semiautomatic rifle but not convert the semiautomatic rifle into a machine gun.† Oct. 5, 2017 Sen. Feinstein introduces the  Background Check Completion Act. Feinstein  says the bill would close a loophole in the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. Feinstein said: â€Å"Current law allows gun sales to proceed after 72 hours- even if background checks aren’t approved. This is a dangerous loophole that could allow criminals and those with mental illness to complete their purchase of firearms even though it would be unlawful for them to possess them.† The Background Check Completion Act would require that a background check be fully completed before any gun buyer who purchases a gun from a federally-licensed firearms dealer (FFL) can take possession of the gun. Feb. 21, 2018 Just days after the February 14, 2018, mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, President Donald Trump orders the Justice Department and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms to review bump fire stocks- devices that allow a semi-automatic rifle to be fired similar to a fully-automatic weapon. Trump had previously indicated that he might support a new  federal regulation  banning the sale of such devices.   White House press secretary Sarah Sanders told reporters: â€Å"The President, when it comes to that, is committed to ensuring that those devices are- again, Im not going to get ahead of the announcement, but I can tell you that the president doesnt support use of those accessories.† On February 20, Sanders stated that the president would support â€Å"steps† to raise the current minimum age for buying military-style weapons, such as the AR-15- the weapon used in the Parkland shooting- from 18 to 21. â€Å"I think thats certainly something thats on the table for us to discuss and that we expect to come up over the next couple of weeks,† Sanders said.   July 31 2018 U.S. District Judge Robert Lasnik in Seattle issued a temporary restraining blocking the release of blueprints that could be used to produce untraceable and undetectable 3D-printable plastic guns. Assembled from ABS plastic parts, 3D guns are firearms that can be made with a computer-controlled 3D printer. The judge acted partly in response to a lawsuit filed against the federal government by several states to block the release of blueprints for 3D-printed plastic guns. Judge Lasnik’s order banned the Austin, Texas-based gun rights group Defense Distributed from allowing the public to download the blueprints from its website. â€Å"There is a possibility of irreparable harm because of the way these guns can be made,† Lasnik wrote. Before the restraining order, plans for assembling a variety of guns, including an AR-15-style rifle and a Beretta M9 handgun could be downloaded from the Defense Distributed website. Shortly after the restraining order was issued, President Donald Trump (realDonaldTrump) tweeted, â€Å"I am looking into 3-D Plastic Guns being sold to the public. Already spoke to NRA, doesn’t seem to make much sense!† The NRA said in a statement that anti-gun politicians and certain members of the press had wrongly claimed that 3D printing technology will allow for the production and widespread proliferation of undetectable plastic firearms. August 2019 In the wake of three mass shootings in Gilroy, Calif.; El Paso, Texas; and Dayton, Ohio in the span of two weeks that left a total of almost three dozen people dead, a new push was made in Congress for gun control measures. Among the proposals were stronger background checks and limits on high-capacity magazines. Red flag laws also were proposed to allow police or family members to file a court petition to remove firearms from individuals who might pose a danger to themselves or others.

Mentorship in practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mentorship in practice - Essay Example A mentoring relationship then develops over time, during which the mentee’s needs changes as well as the nature of the mentoring relationship. The mentor is aware of such changes and adjusts the kind of attention, advise, assistance and motivation he provides. Mutual respect, trust, understanding and empathy are values embodied by an effective mentoring relationship (http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/mentor/1.html). Learning in a mentoring relationship is not one-way. Both parties benefit from it - the mentee, for obvious reasons of imbibing wisdom from the mentor, and the mentor, for being updated on current trends that he needs to incorporate in his mentoring. A mentor, being looked up to as a professional, needs to be a step ahead of his mentee in terms of what he needs to teach. Thus, he himself must enrich his knowledge with research. A teacher derives much fulfillment is witnessing the growth and development of his students in areas he helped them with. The motivation to learn is affected by the reinforcements to learning namely intrinsic motivation or the inner drive to learn which leads to personal fulfillment; extrinsic motivation, which consists of rewards such as high grades or a prize for performing well; social reinforcement, an example of which is praise and approval from significant persons in an individuals life; and achievement, or the attaining of the learning goal. Having an interplay of the four kinds of reinforcement is the most effective way to motivate a learner to pursue more knowledge and acquire more skills (Stoll, L., Fink, D. & Earl, L., 2003). A teacher must be able to use such tools in sustaining his students’ passion for learning. Hay (1995) differentiates learning that comes in three levels in a mentoring relationship. The first level is traditional learning, which is the usual coaching and teaching about how to do things properly. An example is a teacher

The Negatives and Downfalls of U.S Public Schools and Its System Research Paper

The Negatives and Downfalls of U.S Public Schools and Its System - Research Paper Example The current public school curriculum is fixed. The current curriculum is not addressing the problem of individual differences. No tow individuals are alike. Same way it is not necessary that needs of two children are the same. Current curriculum is providing same thing to all the children irrespective of the different tastes of children. For example, a child who hates mathematics, forced to learn mathematics. Same was a child who likes painting may not get the opportunity to learn more about painting in public schools. Instead of tying the children inside the classrooms, they should be allowed to come out of the class rooms and learn something from the nature. Ultimately, the workplace for a child will be the nature when he grows up. So, the training to tackle the challenges from the nature should be given at an early age itself. â€Å"The good news for parents is that public schools cannot charge tuition. The bad news is that public schools are complicated, often underfunded operat ions influenced by political winds and shortfalls†(Great schools staffs). Private schools raise funds through tuition fees, developmental activities and contributions from the alumni whereas public schools don’t have such channels of funding. Moreover, the funds allotted to public schools have been reduced considerably by the administration. â€Å"In a recent survey of school districts, 43% of respondents reported budget cuts of 10% or less for this academic year, and 21% reported cuts of 11 to 25%, according to the American Association of School Administrators (School budget cuts across the US projected for next academic year) One of the toughest blows and most shocking hypocrisies of the Bush education budget is his plan to entirely end the Perkins Loan Program,... This essay declares that the current public school curriculum is fixed. The current curriculum is not addressing the problem of individual differences. No tow individuals are alike. Same way it is not necessary that needs of two children are the same. Current curriculum is providing same thing to all the children irrespective of the different tastes of children. For example, a child who hates mathematics, forced to learn mathematics. Same was a child who likes painting may not get the opportunity to learn more about painting in public schools. Instead of tying the children inside the classrooms, they should be allowed to come out of the class rooms and learn something from the nature. Ultimately, the workplace for a child will be the nature when he grows up. So, the training to tackle the challenges from the nature should be given at an early age itself. This paper makes a conclusion that major problem which contributed to the downfall of public school system in America is the bigger class size. The class size will be bigger in public schools compared to private schools and therefore individualized attention cannot be guaranteed to students studying in such schools. Private schools have many options to raise funds whereas public schools have limited options for raising funds. Public school facilities depend heavily on the economy of the place of its operation and any fluctuations in local economy can adversely affect the public school system. The salaries of the teachers in public schools are cheaper when we compare it to the salaries obtained by the private schools.

Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Film Analysis - Essay Example At the conclusion of the discussion, after each technical code has been analysed, a conclusion will be drawn upon to combine each code into one and to dissect these and then to combine them back together to create the overall stylistic expression of the text, which will be considered as 'sombre realism'. The Mise en Scene in the 2002 film The Pianist, works around a realistic perception of stylization which is seen throughout the film. The use of dull colours to emphasize the depressive feeling of the characters is highlighted with their costume, set decoration as well as the buildings around them. The text is set in the early 1940's period of World War II and every part of the mise en scene has been carefully created to conform with this era in order to make it seem realistic. Natural soft lighting is used throughout the text, and it is only used in scenes out of the Jewish Ghetto. For example, an interior scene within the apartment of one of the protagonists' friends who is trying to help him shows very bright natural light to create a binary opposition between the world of the main character, and that of the Polish people who are considered much more contented. This use of three point lighting reflects both worlds in very different ways. Inside the Ghetto, very little lighting is used, and many grey and brown shades of colour are used together with the lack of lighting to create the necessary sensitivity to evoke the emotions of hopelessness and despair. Make up and costume also plays an imperative part in establishing the realism of the text. At the commencement of the film each character is considered well groomed and looking in good health, all with costume consistent with that of the pre-war period. Also, it would be near impossible to tell the difference between a Jew and a Pole. However, as the text progresses, the health and look of the Jewish people living inside the Ghetto decreases, this is made very relevant considering the ways in which they are living. All of this culminates in the end, after the protagonist has made it so far to reach the end of the war, albeit looking much discarded; he manages to borrow a German officer's coat to keep him warm. This proves to be a bad idea when the Polish police begin shooting at him, thinking he is a German. This creates an ironic stylized effect which is unknown throughout the previous sections of the text. As noted before, realism plays a very important part in such a film set in such a time. The acting styles within this text also reflect that fact. A very serious undertone is used throughout, with very little humour to set the sombre undertones that is needed to in effect echo within the text. The use of language code between characters throughout the text is somewhat inconsistent, to also evoke the realism of the time. For example, German officers only speak German throughout the text, whether this is speaking to other officer's or the Jews themselves. The Jew's on the other hand speak English consistently, while speaking German and Hebrew sporadically at certain times throughout the text while communicating with other characters. Cinematography The cinematography in The Pianist is effective in creating the desired depressive war time effects all throughout the film. The camera is efficient in drawing attention to the very small important details that the mise en scene puts out

Buying a House Vs Renting an Apartment

Buying a House Vs Renting an Apartment Buying a home can be an exciting experience for anyone. However, in some cases you just might be better off continuing to rent your home. There are many advantages to buying a home. However, it is not for everyone and buying varies from individual to individual. Currently more people are leaning towards renting but this could change in the near future. After doing the research and looking at all the options; Buying a House is the best way to go. When someone makes the decision to buy or rent a home they must consider the advantages and disadvantages of each. In buying a home the primary advantage is that you actually own it. You can do whatever you want with it. Also, you are building equity as the years go by. However, when they buy a home, the money they put down for a down payment is an investment. When the person sells the home they get back the down payment and the amount the property has appreciated in value. When looking at the advantages of renting it is easy to see the disadvantages of buying for some people. Even though you dont get the money back that you spend. Renting vs. buying really just depends on your personal needs. Both have advantages, but neither is the perfect choice for everyone. The first list applies to renting an apartment and the second list is for home buyers. Keep in mind that there are many things to consider when choosing between the two, but this list just touches on a few of the differences. Much of it is just personal preference, so its important to figure out whats right for you. Advantages to Renting an Apartment: If you move frequently, or youre unsure of how long youll be staying in the area, renting could be the better choice. People in the military are often better off with renting an apartment, since they could be stationed somewhere else at any time. When you rent, you dont have to worry about things like mowing the lawn, repairing a leaky roof, buying a new hot water heater, or most other things that require maintenance. Renting can also be the first step towards buying a home, since you can get to know the area before you buy a house. It would be a shame to buy a house, then a few months later, wish that you lived a few miles away. Advantages to Buying a House: When you buy a house, its generally a good investment that will increase in value. This might not be the case if you plan on moving right back out shortly after moving in, though. Its yours to change as you see fit. Want to add a bathroom? Put a shed in the back yard? Paint it a different color? Its nice to feel like you can do what you want because its actually yours, rather than having to read the fine print of your rental lease before doing something as simple as putting up a shelf. Having a yard is one of the obvious advantages, where you can soak up some sun while enjoying some privacy, rather than hanging out at a crowded public pool area. The yard advantage is also important for people with large pets that might not be allowed in an apartment. Home equity loans often come in handy for people that want to redecorate or put an addition on their home. Privacy is nice and having your own yard is great if you have kids, or just like to sit outside and enjoy some peace and quiet. When you live in some communities, whether you buy a house or live in an apartment complex, some have strict guidelines that you have to follow. In some subdivisions, certain things like the height of your grass in lawn, car repairs in the driveway, leaving garage doors open, or even what you can have in your yard are not allowed. These rules can seem like a lot to some, but they can also be nice if you end up next to a neighbor whose every action lowers property values in the area. When does it make sense to buy? People, who have generally rented their whole lives, purchase a home for various reasons. Owning something of value with a chance of watching their investment appreciate is one reason. Purchasing a home to save money over the long-term is another. Example: Lets say youre currently renting a two-bedroom, two-bath apartment. Your monthly rent is $1,000. You find a two-bedroom, two-bath at a market price of $250,000 (roughly the national average.) You have $25,000 saved enough for a 10 percent down payment. For the purpose of this example, youre looking to finance $225,000, which includes closing costs. Using one of several mortgage calculators on the Internet, your monthly payment would be approximately $1,385 for a 30-year fixed loan at an APR of 6.20 percent (the national average). After taxes and appreciation in equity, your monthly payment over five years would average $499 per month. Costs Savings of Buying versus Renting Calculations Rent Purchase Monthly rent/estimated mortgage payment $1,000 $1,385 Purchase price of home $250,000 Percentage of down payment 25,000 Length of loan term (years) 30 Interest rate 6.2% Years you plan to stay in the home 5 Yearly property tax rate 1% Yearly home value appreciation rate 4% Results Price of home after appreciation $304,163 Remaining balance after 5 years 209,887 Equity in house 94,276 Tax savings (28% bracket) 23,030 Avg. monthly payment over time 1,047 499 Total payments (over 5 years) $62,820 $29,973 Total savings if buying $32,847 Source: Ginniemae.gov. These calculations are estimates only. You should always seek the guidance of financial or tax experts before making any buying decisions. The outcome could dramatically change should an unforeseen economic downturn or financial hardship occur (e.g., home improvement costs, catastrophic damage, etc.). While, no one can predict if home appreciation values will spiral downward, or if mortgage interest rates will rise, its clear that under the right circumstances home ownership can be financially rewarding. (Provided by informa Research Services). In the beginning, I was convinced that renting an apartment was the best way to go, but after doing the research and looking at all the data on the financial side, I found that it is far better to buy a house than it is to rent an apartment.

Consider how the poets of Lamentations and Bohemians tell us about the :: English Literature

Consider how the poets of Lamentations and Bohemians tell us about the way in which the army can be a brutal and demoralising institution. We all know that the army is surely very tough psychologically, but surely no one from our generation can understand the pains and sufferings that men would have had to go through fighting in the First World War. The army during this time must have been devastatingly hard to cope with and indeed a demoralising institution. Ivor Gurney, author of Bohemians, and Siegfried Sassoon, author of Lamentations, convey the ideas of demoralisation in these two poems concentrating on two different viewpoints. A ‘bohemian’ is someone who chooses to not follow the rules and regulations set by superior powers and lives his life according to his own rules. In the poem Bohemians, Ivor Gurney explains how these were the types of soldiers who would have made life uneasy for their superior officers. Gurney tells the reader how these â€Å"people would not clean their buttons/Nor polish buckles after latest fashions†. This conveys the idea that bohemians were the kind of people who were unfazed by the war and although it troubled them to be at war fighting, they lived life as they would if they were not there; â€Å"smoking without army cautions/Spending hours that sped like evil for wickedness†. These soldiers would have chosen to not become ‘model’ or what they would have considered to be ‘mindless’ soldiers. Gurney has written this poem almost in free verse, though certain words at the end such as ‘cautions’ and ‘promotions’ give the poem a sort of rhyme scheme. This portrays the notion that the bohemians would not have followed the rules whilst fighting at war, and not abided by the regulations set. Coupled with this is the comparative lack of punctuation that continues throughout the poem, except from commas. This enjambment proceeds until the penultimate line, in which the first full stop occurs. This accentuates the last line, which is the most poignant line of the poem, â€Å"In Artois or Picardy they lie – free of useless fashions.† This line shows that now they have died, they are finally free from having to tolerate the decrees set by the governing officers of the First World War. This is an ironic final line as through death, they are freed from the bonds of army expectations and regulations about behaviour and uniform. This poem is, to a certain extent, about the dehumanising effects of war â€Å"and wrenched/What little soul they had still further from shape,† and how the bohemians did not allow the war change their view on life

Evolution of Health Care Policy Essay

This chapter discusses the political and economic aspects that have taken both Canada and the US in different paths which is ultimately shaped by the organization and delivery of care with its recent restructuring efforts. The US health care system is a system of private health insurance where most of the population gets benefits through employment or other benefit plans such as those for veterans. There is public health insurance for those on social security called Medicare and those that require social assistance called Medicaid. But, 45 million people are still uninsured and millions are underinsured. Unlike the US, Canada has a universal system of public health insurance where contracts with private non-profit health care institutions such as hospitals and health practitioners deliver care. The national health insurance represents a sense of clarity between â€Å"free market† liberalism and the â€Å"planned economy† socialism. Public financing is considered the optimal form of health care financing due to the fact that insurance is affordable to all citizens no matter how ill, effective cost control over health care services, and there’s universal coverage. With such a system, those that are healthy that do not need many treatments support those that require health care service which ultimately offer good cost control and good equity. Canada and the US have different perspectives in access to their pharmaceuticals. Canada has a public health insurance where people over the age of 65 and those on social assistance are covered. Unlike Quebec that has a drug benefit program for everyone, Ontario has created programs to those that have a large amount of drug costs and the rest of the population has access through private insurance through employment. This causes issues with those that are in low paying or have part-time jobs. Pharmaceuticals here in Canada are regulated by the Patented Medicines Prices Review Board unlike in the US. However, access to medicines for the treatment of cancer is getting more and more expensive and only few that are covered. This material is consistent with what I believed prior to this course with some new knowledge attained. It’s great to look at our health care in depth. As of right now since I just started back at York University this summer, I did not have any health benefits for quite some times so I avoid going to the doctor’s and getting medication because as a student I cannot afford it. If people like myself have better access to coverage, a number of health issues could be avoided. I appreciate what Obama administration is implementing so that the uninsured have access to health care as well.

Womens Strike for Equality on August 26, 1970

Women's Strike for Equality on August 26, 1970 The Women’s Strike for Equality was a nationwide demonstration for women’s rights held on August 26, 1970, the 50th anniversary of women’s suffrage. It was described by Time magazine as â€Å"the first big demonstration of the Women’s Liberation movement.†Ã‚  The leadership called the object of the rallies the unfinished business of equality. Organized by NOW The Women’s Strike for Equality was organized by the National Organization for Women (NOW) and its then-president Betty Friedan. At a NOW conference in March 1970, Betty Friedan called for the Strike for Equality, asking women to stop working for a day to draw attention to the prevalent problem of unequal pay for women’s work. She then headed the National Women’s Strike Coalition to organize the protest, which used â€Å"Don’t Iron While the Strike is Hot!† among other slogans. Fifty years after women were granted the right to vote in the United States, feminists were again taking a political message to their government and demanding equality and more political power. The Equal Rights Amendment was being discussed in Congress, and the protesting women warned politicians to pay attention or risk losing their seats in the next election. Nationwide Demonstrations The Women’s Strike for Equality took various forms in more than ninety cities across the United States.  Here are a few examples: New York, home to radical feminist groups such as New York Radical Women and Redstockings, had the largest protest. Tens of thousands marched down Fifth Avenue; others demonstrated at the Statue of Liberty and stopped the stock ticker on Wall Street.  New York City issued a proclamation declaring Equality Day.Los Angeles had a smaller protest, numbering in the hundreds, including women who stood holding a vigil for women’s rights.In Washington D.C., women marched on Connecticut Avenue with a banner that read â€Å"We Demand Equality† and lobbied for the Equal Rights Amendment.  Petitions with more than 1,500 names were presented to the Senate majority leader and minority floor leader.Detroit women who worked at the Detroit Free Press kicked men out of one of their restrooms, protesting the fact that men had two bathrooms while women had one.Women who worked for a New Orleans newspaper ran pictures of the grooms instead of the brides in engagement announcements.Inter national Solidarity: French women marched in Paris, and Dutch women marched at the U.S. embassy in Amsterdam. Nationwide Attention Some people called the demonstrators anti-feminine or even Communist. The Womens Strike for Equality made the front page of national newspapers such as The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and Chicago Tribune. It was also covered by the three broadcast networks, ABC, CBS, and NBC, which was the pinnacle of extensive television news coverage in 1970.   The Women’s Strike for Equality is often remembered as the first major protest of the Women’s Liberation movement, even though there had been other protests by feminists, some of which also received media attention. The Women’s Strike for Equality was the largest protest for women’s rights at that time. Legacy The next year, Congress passed a resolution declaring August 26  Women’s Equality Day.  Bella Abzug  was inspired by the Womens Strike for Equality to introduce the bill promoting the holiday. Signs of the Times Some articles from the  New York Times  from the time of the demonstrations illustrate some of the context of the Womens Strike for Equality. The  New York Times  featured an article a few days before the August 26 rallies and anniversary titled Liberation Yesterday: The Roots of the Feminist Movement.  Under a photograph of suffragettes [sic] marching down Fifth Avenue, the paper also asked the question: Fifty years ago,  they won the vote. Did they throw victory away?  The article pointed to both the earlier and the then-current feminist movements as rooted in work for civil rights, peace, and radical politics, and noted that the womens movement both times was rooted in recognizing that both black people and women were treated as second-class citizens. Press Coverage In an article on the day of the march, the  Times  noted that Traditional Groups Prefer to Ignore Womens Lib.  The problem for such groups as the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Womens Christian Temperance Union, the League of Women Voters, The Junior League and the Young Womens Christian Association is what attitude to take toward the militant womens liberation movement.   The article included quotes about ridiculous exhibitionists and a band of wild lesbians. The article quoted Mrs. Saul Schary [sic] of the National Council of Women: Theres no discrimination against women like they say there is. Women themselves are just self-limiting. Its in their nature and they shouldnt blame it on society or men. In the kind of paternalistic belittling of the feminist movement and women that feminism criticized, a headline the next day in the  New York Times  noted that Betty Friedan was 20 minutes late for her appearance at the Womens Strike for Equality: Leading Feminist Puts Hairdo Before Strike.  the article also noted what she wore and where shed purchased it, and that he had her hair done at the Vidal Sassoon Salon on Madison Avenue.   She was quoted saying I dont want people to think Womens Lib girls dont care about how they look. We should try to be as pretty as we can. Its good for our self-image and its good politics.  The article noted that The vast majority of women interviewed strongly endorsed the traditional concept of woman as a mother and a homemaker who can, and sometimes even should, supplement these activities with a career or with volunteer work. In yet another article, the  New York Times  asked two women partners in Wall Street firms what they thought of picketing, denouncing men and bra-burning?  Muriel F. Siebert, chairman [sic] of Muriel F. Siebert Co., replied: I like men and I like brassieres. She was also quoted saying Theres no reason to go to college, get married and then stop thinking. People should be able to do what theyre capable of doing and theres no reason why a woman doing the same job as a man should be paid less. This article has been edited by and considerable additional material added by Jone Johnson Lewis.

The Evolution of Social Darwinism essays

The Evolution of Social Darwinism essays The Holocaust was an acceptable form of natural selection. Welfare takes money away from hardworking individuals and gives it to the idle, the useless members of our society. 59.4% of Americas wealth is held by the top 5% of its population. The conception of Social Darwinism in the late 19th century led to the type of ideology used here and justifies that appalling fact. Historically, the stronger, more capable members of society have thought of themselves as being better than those that are less fortunate than themselves, believing the weak only exist to improve the lives of the strong. In the late 19th century, with the onslaught of a Democratic Revolution, the traditional hierarchical rationalization for this exploitation was lost. In place of these hierarchies emerged a democratic market system. A new system required new justification. Consequently, many writers and philosophers attempted to convey this message, but it was not until Charles Darwin published his biological research on evolution, On the Origin of Species, that these men were able to find justification for their views. However, it is merely that: justification. Such scholars as Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner used the biological research of Darwin and attempted to apply to a social context, neglecting the complexity of human nature. In 1859 Charles Darwin released his revolutionary work, On the Origin of Species. In this work, he proposed one general law, leading to the advancement of all organic beings, namely multiply, vary, let the strongest live and the weakest die (Darwin, 263). According to this law, minute differences in an organisms genetic makeup provide this organism with advantages over others in terms of survival and general reproduction. These traits would in turn be passed on through reproduction to its descendants, who would eventually mutate into new varieties of the same organism. H...

A research that works on the education system to develop it as much as Paper

A that works on the education system to develop it as much as possible - Research Paper Example 1).† Researchers assert that the implication of the use of technology in moderating education by applying heuristics evaluation of mobile services in Saudi Arabia merit further investigation. 2. Gogu, E., Muresan, M., & Turdean, M. (2012). Academic Excellence through Research and Development of Higher Education Institutions at Domestic and International Level, Romanian Statistical Review Supplement, Romanian Statistical Review, vol. 60(2), pages 135-140. Saudi Arabia have made a priority to establish world-class universities for academic excellence like Aisan countries. Saudi King Abdullah has allocated $ 10 billion for the new Science and Technology University like how U.S., China, European Union and Japan invested much on technology to improve education. 3. Hepbasli, A.& Alsuhaibani, Z. (2011). A key review on present status and future directions of solar energy studies and applications in Saudi Arabia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 5021-5050. The study on renewable energy in Saudi Arabia is relevant in exploiting renewable solar energy. Technology has been utilized to understand the development of solar-powered hydrogen-generation plant and in evaluating available sustainable energy for energy policy formulation. It included review of â€Å"solar radiation correlations, exergetic solar radiation, solar collectors, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, solar stills, solar-powered irrigation, solar energy-related greenhouses, solar hydrogen, solar water desalination and solar energy education (p. 1)† The use of technology therefore is more apt in understanding the complexity of realities that are being subjected for classroom interaction and researchers. 4. Al-Zoubi, S., Al-Faqeeh, M. & Rahman, M.B. E. (2013). An Evaluation of Special Education Program in Saudi Universities According To National Standards,"

Read instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Read instructions - Essay Example Teachers emerge from a variety of corners in the school day experience. They are solely accountable to the whole fraternity concerning the content of their evaluations. The evaluation tenets consider a continuum of shared language vision in the technique. The basic standards that are critical in the evaluation process are as follows. The first standard revolves around the content knowledge. This standard demands the teacher to possess an in-depth understanding of the subject matter. They must attempt to eke a correlation between the content and life experiences. The second standard touches on teaching and classroom learning. This focuses on the classroom organization, taking care to provide relevant age appropriations and relevant assessment criteria to the learners. The next phase borders on the literacy acknowledgements in the instruction. The instructor must aim to fulfill both oral and written communication to advance their rote technique. The fourth measures the diversity of the classroom fraternity. The curriculum and teaching resources must be sensitive of the varied cultures and racial affiliations of the learners. The last phase touches on the teacher professionalism akin to the appropriate delivery in the class. This tenet also emphasizes the ethical implications of the teacher. Lastly, the evaluation process has different connotations. The teacher can perform an administrative driven self-assessment. A dialogue is also relevant, between the teacher and the assessor. Additionally, observation in the class also takes place twice during the school year. It is impromptu and often, the results form the basis of teacher proficiency determination. Evaluation completion results in step raises for the teachers depending on years of